These transmitted radiations account for the linear attenuation coefficient which are transformed to CT values or Hounsfield units (HU), a quantitative scale for measuring radio-density ranging between −1024 for air, 0 for water, and +1000 for bone, with muscle having a positive HU value, while fat has a negative HU value. Ĭomputed tomography (CT) works on the principle of acquiring information based on the X-ray radiation being transmitted in many directions through a specific volume of tissue. Quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) also has been shown to be a useful technique in dogs particularly because the dogs do not require sedation or anaesthesia. The method was validated against DXA and found good agreement with the two methods (correlation coefficient r = 0.93 for fat) at a population level, but was limited in accuracy when used for individual animal measurements. A recent study investigated a potentially new method for detecting body composition in dogs: bioimpedance spectroscopy. This was further confirmed in a more recent study in pigs that evaluated the DXA methodology using whole dissection and ashing and concluded that DXA provided inaccurate and misleading results without taking into consideration the hydration and lipid content variability within tissues. ![]() When DXA methodology was validated in dogs using chemical analysis of dissected carcasses, it was found to have an overall coefficient of determination, r 2 = 0.96, for fat mass however, greater inaccuracies were observed in some individual animals mainly due to skeletal muscle hydration. When fat estimated by deuterium oxide dilution was validated against fat determined by ether extraction of the carcass using male and female dogs, a coefficient of determination, r 2 = 0.95, was obtained. ![]() The most commonly used methods to evaluate body composition in canine obesity research are dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and deuterium oxide dilution. Obesity is a common nutritional disorder in dogs with a reported incidence of between 22% and 40% globally.
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